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THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PRACTICES ON BALI’S DESTINATION BRAND LOYALTY
Bali, as one of Indonesia's most renowned tourist destinations, is currently facing the challenges of overtourism, which poses a threat to its long-term sustainability. In response, sustainable tourism practices (STP) have been introduced as an initiative to mitigate these negative impacts while ensuring continued tourism appeal. This study examines the relationship between Sustainable tourism practices and destination brand loyalty using the Expectancy-Disconfirmation Model (EDM) as the theoretical foundation.
While previous research has explored the direct link between STP and satisfaction, this study identifies a theoretical gap by incorporating EDM to explain how expectations formed by sustainable initiatives influence customer perceptions. While the original sustainable tourism practices framework encompasses four dimensions: environmental, economic, socio-cultural, and institutional, this study focuses on the environmental and socio-cultural dimensions, as these are identified as primary motivations and pull factors among tourists visiting Bali. The research aims to analyze the impact of these two STP dimensions on brand equity and tourist satisfaction, which ultimately influence destination brand loyalty.
A quantitative approach is employed, utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data collected through a structured questionnaire. 176 datasets is obtained from the tourists who recently visited Bali from 2023-2025 and have stayed for a minimum 3 days. The data were analyzed through inner, outer model analyses as well as hypotheses testing using bootstrapping analysis.
It is statistically proven that brand image and tourist satisfaction mediated the impact of these dimensions of sustainable tourism practices on brand loyalty. As the managerial implications of this resarch, it is suggested to Bali Tourism Board and other Tourism Stakeholders in Bali to initiate some campaigns in order to promote more about sustainable tourism practices in Bali as the effort that would lead into having robust brand equity as the key-driver of having satisfied and loyal tourists.
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